Distribute federal money to states based on needs of people in those states
Block grants
Federal money given to states with wide latitude within a certain policy area
Categorical grants
Federal money given to states with strings attached: may only be spent on limited programs or sets of priorities
Concurrent powers
Powers shared between national and state/local levels
Cooperative federalism
Powers of national and state/local governments are mixed in many areas.
Dual federalism
Powers of national and state/local governments are strictly separated
Federal incentives
Money or other resources offered to states that meet certain federally-set criteria
Federal revenue sharing
Federal government directly sharing some of the income from a variety of tax sources
Grants
Transfer payments (gifts) from governments, often from the federal government to state and local levels
Mandates
Federal commands that state governments must follow
National government
Federal level of government responsible for nationwide policy
State government
Sovereign states each have their own republican system of government with separate powers
Three-fifths compromise
A compromise for the house of Representatives that had the population of slaves counting towards the population but for every five slaves, only three people were counted.